mosaicism$50479$ - definizione. Che cos'è mosaicism$50479$
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Cosa (chi) è mosaicism$50479$ - definizione

CO-EXISTENCE OF ETHNIC GROUPS, LANGUAGES AND CULTURES
Mosaic (cultural); Cultural mosaicism

Germline mosaicism         
TYPE OF GENETIC MOSAICISM
Gonadal mosaicism; Germline Mosaicism; Germinal mosaicism
Germline mosaicism, also called gonadal mosaicism, is a type of genetic mosaicism where more than one set of genetic information is found specifically within the gamete cells; conversely, somatic mosaicism is a type of genetic mosaicism found in somatic cells. Germline mosaicism can be present at the same time as somatic mosaicism or individually, depending on when the conditions occur.
Pallister–Killian syndrome         
RARE DISEASE
Pallister mosaic aneuploidy syndrome; Tetrasomy 12p mosaicism; Tetrasomy 12p; Pallister-Killian syndrome; Teschler-Nicola syndrome
The Pallister–Killian syndrome (PKS), also termed tetrasomy 12p mosaicism or the Pallister mosaic aneuploidy syndrome, is an extremely rare and severe genetic disorder. PKS is due to the presence of an extra and abnormal chromosome termed a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC).
non-disjunction         
  •  '''Karyotype of X monosomy (Turner syndrome)'''<br /> This condition is characterized by the presence of '''only one X chromosome''' and no Y chromosome (see bottom right corner).
  •  '''Karyotype of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)'''<br />
Note that chromosome 21 is present in 3 copies, while all other chromosomes show the normal diploid state with 2 copies. Most cases of trisomy of chromosome 21 are caused by a nondisjunction event during meiosis I (see text).
  • '''Nondisjunction of sister chromatids during mitosis:''' <br />
''Left:'' Metaphase of mitosis. Chromosome line up in the middle plane, the mitotic spindle forms and the kinetochores of sister chromatids attach to the microtubules. <br />
''Right:'' Anaphase of mitosis, where sister chromatids separate and the microtubules pull them in opposite directions. <br />
The chromosome shown in ''red'' fails to separate properly, its sister chromatids stick together and get pulled to the same side, resulting in mitotic nondisjunction of this chromosome.
  •   '''Loss of a tumor suppressor gene locus according to the two-hit model''': <br />
In the first hit, the tumor suppressor gene on one of the two chromosomes is affected by a mutation that makes the gene product non-functional. This mutation may arise spontaneously as a DNA replication error or may be induced by a DNA damaging agent. The second hit removes the remaining wild-type chromosome, for example through a '''mitotic nondisjunction''' event. There are several other potential mechanisms for each of the two steps, for example an additional mutation, an unbalanced translocation, or a gene deletion by recombination. As a result of the double lesion, the cell may become malignant because it is no longer able to express the tumor suppressor protein.
FAILURE OF CHROMATID OR CHROMOSOME PAIRS TO SEPARATE
Non-disjunction; Nondisjunction, genetic; Meiotic nondisjunction; Mitotic nondisjunction; Chromosomal nondisjunction; Chromosomal non-disjunction; Nondisjunction (genetics); Meiotic nondisjunctions; Mitotic nondisjunctions; Meiotic non-disjunction; Mitotic non-disjunction; Meiotic non-disjunctions; Mitotic non-disjunctions; Nondisjunctions; Non-disjunctions; Chromosomal nondisjunctions; Chromosomal non-disjunctions; Chromosome nondisjunction; Chromosome non-disjunction; Chromosome nondisjunctions; Chromosome non-disjunctions; Non-dysjunction
¦ noun Genetics failure of a pair of homologous chromosomes to separate normally during nuclear division.

Wikipedia

Cultural mosaic

"Cultural mosaic" (French: "la mosaïque culturelle") is the mix of ethnic groups, languages, and cultures that coexist within society. The idea of a cultural mosaic is intended to suggest a form of multiculturalism, different from other systems such as the melting pot, which is often used to describe nations like the United States' assimilation.